The flagship event of the Institute, jointly organized with the International Committee of the Red Cross, addressed the issue of “New Dimensions and Challenges of Urban Warfare”. The event gathered high-level international experts and practitioners who investigated some of the crucial issues regarding the application of IHL in urban military operations, by examining the lessons learned from recent operations, the humanitarian consequences of urban warfare, the choice of means and methods in the urban context, and if a change of approach from the different actors, concerning the protection of civilians, is required in the urban environment.