Sanremo Round Table
Virtual Platform

48th Sanremo Round Table on Current Issues of IHL

The 48th Sanremo Round Table on Current Issues of IHL, traditionally organised in cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross,
will focus on

"From Peace to War and Back: Putting IHL at the Center”"

This year, the Round Table will be held at Villa Ormond, Sanremo (Italy), on 10-12 September 2025 in a hybrid format, with live broadcasting online.

To reach the widest possible audience and foster active participation, the Sanremo Institute will offer simultaneous translation services for all attendees, both in person and online, in the following languages:
English-FrenchFrench-English, English-ArabicArabic-EnglishFrench-Arabic, and Arabic-French.

This edition of the Round Table, as usual featuring high-level international experts and practitioners from all over the world, will specifically examine the importance of compliance with International Humanitarian Law throughout the various phases of an armed conflict, namely before its outbreak, during hostilities, within negotiations, and during the consolidation of peace. The conference will explore, among other aspects, the preventative and de-escalatory potential of humanitarian rules, the crucial role of IHL compliance in conflict resolution and ceasefire negotiations, and the post-conflict impact on societies of adhering to the obligations established by customary and treaty-based IHL provisions.

OPENING
Opening ceremony & Opening session

KEYNOTE SPEECH

PANEL 1 
The Role of the Development of IHL in Safeguarding Peace

PANEL 2
Humanitarian Disarmament and Its Value for Peace

PANEL 3
Conflict Classification, Hybrid threats, use of Proxy Groups, and the Risk of Escalation

PANEL 4
The Role of IHL Compliance during Armed Conflict and in Negotiation

PANEL 5
If the Sea Becomes the Key: the Growing Importance of Maritime Scenarios in Waging War

PANEL 6 
When the Guns Fall Silent: the End of IHL Applicability in the Aftermath of Armed Conflict

PANEL 7
From Conflict to Closure: IHL Obligations After an Armed Conflict

CLOSING
Final session, Concluding remarks

OPENING

Alessandro Mager
Alessandro Mager
Mayor of Sanremo
Marco Scajola
Marco Scajola
Councillor, Liguria Region
Giorgio Battisti
Giorgio Battisti
Lt. General (rtd), former Commanding General of the Italian Army Training and Doctrine Command; President, International Institute of Humanitarian Law
Mirjana Spoljaric
Mirjana Spoljaric
President, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
Isabelle Rosabrunetto
Isabelle Rosabrunetto
Director General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Principality of Monaco
Rosario Maria Gianluca Valastro
Rosario Maria Gianluca Valastro
President, Italian Red Cross

Keynote Speech

Marco Sassòli
Marco Sassòli
Professor of International Law, University of Geneva; Member, IIHL

PANEL 1

Eva Svoboda
Eva Svoboda
Director of International Law, Policy and Archives, ICRC; Council Member, IIHL
Giulio Bartolini
Giulio Bartolini
Professor of International Law, Roma Tre University; Member, IIHL
Joanne Bowen
Joanne Bowen
Brigadier, Head of Operational Law, UK Army Legal Services; Vice President, IIHL
Mariana Casij Peña
Mariana Casij Peña
Associated Expert, “Dealing with the Past” Program, Swisspeace Foundation
Flaminia Minelli
Flaminia Minelli
Chief, Policy and Best Practices, UN Department of Peace Operations

PANEL 2

Marja Lehto
Marja Lehto
Ambassador (International legal affairs), Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland; Council member and Vice President, IIHL
Megan Bastick
Megan Bastick
Fellow, Gender and Security,Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance DCAF
Stuart Casey-Maslen
Stuart Casey-Maslen
Visiting Professor of International Law at the University of Johannesburg and Special Advisor on the IHL in Focus projects at the Geneva Academy of IHL and Human Rights
Anne De Courcy Wheeler
Anne De Courcy Wheeler
Senior Humanitarian Consultant
Francesco Diella
Francesco Diella
Lt. Gen. (rtd), Italian Army; former Director, NATO IMS Cooperative Security Divisions, Italian Joint Forces Staff College; Member, IIHL

PANEL 3

Carl Marchand
Carl Marchand
Colonel, Head, IHL and Human Rights Section, Swiss Armed Forces; Council Member and Vice President, IIHL
Sandra Krähenmann
Sandra Krähenmann
Head of Policy, Research, and Legal, Geneva Call
Kubo Mačák
Kubo Mačák
Professor of International Law, University of Exeter
Elsa Marie
Elsa Marie
Legal Affairs Directorate, Ministry of the Armed Forces, France
John Swords
John Swords
Legal Advisor, Director, Office of Legal Affairs, NATO

PANEL 4

Marco Pedrazzi
Marco Pedrazzi
Full Professor of International Law, University of Milan; Council Member, IIHL
Huma Haider
Huma Haider
Independent Research Consultant
Elżbieta Mikos-Skuza
Elżbieta Mikos-Skuza
1st Vice-President, International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission, University of Warsaw; Member, IIHL
Grainne O’Hara
Grainne O’Hara
UNHCR Representative, Spain
Giovanni Vultaggio
Giovanni Vultaggio
Brig.Gen. (rtd), Italian Army; Member, IIHL

PANEL 5

Fausto Pocar
Fausto Pocar
Emeritus Professor, University of Milan; Honorary President, IIHL
Michelle Nel
Michelle Nel
Lecturer in Criminal and Military law and the Law of Armed Conflict, Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University
Jean-Emmanuel Perrin
Jean-Emmanuel Perrin
Deputy Head of State Action at Sea, Deputy Chief of Operations, French Navy
Wolff Heintschel Von Heinegg
Wolff Heintschel Von Heinegg
Chair of Public Law, Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder); President, International Society for Military Law and the Law of War; Member, IIHL
Abby Zeith
Abby Zeith
Legal Adviser, ICRC

PANEL 6

Darren Stewart OBE
Darren Stewart OBE
Brig. Gen. (rtd), Former General Editor, United Kingdom Joint Service Manual of the Law of Armed Conflict and Head of Operational Law, UK Army; Council Member, IIHL
Julia Grignon
Julia Grignon
Research Director, Institut de Recherche Stratégique de l’École Militaire; Président, souscommission droit international humanitaire et action humanitaire, Commission Nationale Consultative des Droits de l’Homme
Cristian Rivier
Cristian Rivier
Head, Central Tracing Agency, ICRC
Brett Warcholak
Brett Warcholak
Lieutenant Colonel, US Army; Fellow and Instructor, IIHL
Sean Watts
Sean Watts
Professor, Department of Law, United States Military Academy at West Point; Co-Director, Lieber Institute for the Law of Land Warfare; Member, IIHL

PANEL 7

Nigel Heppenstall
Nigel Heppenstall
Colonel, UK Army; Director, Military Department, IIHL
Emiliano Buis
Emiliano Buis
Chair of Public International Law, Law School, University of Buenos Aires
Santa Falasca
Santa Falasca
Head of Office Brussels and The Hague, International Center for Transitional Justice
Noël Mfuranzima
Noël Mfuranzima
Assistant Lecturer, University of Burundi
Audrey Purcell-O’Dwyer
Audrey Purcell-O’Dwyer
Legal Adviser, ICRC

CLOSING

Giorgio Battisti
Giorgio Battisti
Lt. General (rtd), former Commanding General of the Italian Army Training and Doctrine Command; President, International Institute of Humanitarian Law
Eva Svoboda
Eva Svoboda
Director of International Law, Policy and Archives, ICRC; Council Member, IIHL

With the support of

With the contribution of