Deprivation of liberty, in particular in relation to armed conflicts, poses a range of humanitarian and legal challenges. In many parts of the world, persons deprived of their liberty face dire conditions of detention and ill-treatment, caused by structural shortcomings in justice and prison systems or violations of basic detainee protections. Such situations become more serious in times of armed conflicts, where States or other actors, face resource restraints and high numbers of detainees. The Round Table gathered together around 200 participants from the different regions of the world including military experts, academics and representatives of governments, international organizations, IHL practitioners and NGOs which spent two to discuss IHL related detention key issues.